Electric car-controlling system.



A. B. STITZER. ELEGTEIU GAR GONTEOLLING SYSTEM.

` APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 2, 1909.

Patented NOV. 30, 1909.

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A. B. SIITZER.

BLBGTBIG GAR coNTBoLLmG SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 2, 1909. 941 ,39 1 Patented Nov. 30, 1909. 3 SHEETS-SIIBBT 2.

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ARTHUR B. STITZER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ELECTRIC CAR-CONTROLLING SYSTEM.

Continuation of application Serial No. 493,132, filed April 30, 1909.

Serial No.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, ARTHUR B. STITZER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electric Car- Controlling Systems, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

The object of my invention is to enable two cars, adapted normally to be operated as units, to be coupled together and operated from a single controller on either of the cars.

It has long been customary to attach to a motor-car a trailer that is not equipped with motors; but in this arrangement, the motor-car must be equipped with motors of suiiicient power or number to propel both cars, thus more or less unfitting the motorcar for use as a single unit. In modern systems, however, conditions arise that render it advantageous to operate cars as either single or double units. For example, during the rush hours, or in times of great temporary increase of passenger' traffic, it becomes desirable to substantially increase the carrying capacity, although it may be inexpedient to correspondingly increase the working force. This result would be secured if the ordinary motor-cars could be coupled together and operated from a single controller.

My invention involves a modification of the ordinary controlling apparatus and of the connection therefrom to the motor, whereby this capacity may be attained. I herein disclose two embodiments of the invention, one in which the Acars adapted to be coupled together' are each provided with a single controller at one end of the car and the other in which the cars adapted to be coupled together are each provided with two controllers at opposite ends of the car. In each embodiment, l have shown two motors to a car, although it is obvious that the invention is applicable to a car propelled by a single motor or to a car propelled by more than two motors, such application involving merely a simplification, on the one hand, or an amplification, on the other hand, of the two-motor system.

In the drawings, Figures l and 1A each represents a car wiring diagram of a single- Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Nov. 30, 1909.

This application filed August 2, 1909. 510,875.

ended car embodying my invention, the two figures being in all respects duplicates except that different portions of the wiring are differently indicated to represent the iiow of the current when the cars of the two figures are coupled together and Operated from the controller of the car of Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a car wiring diagram of a doubleended car embodying my invention. Figs. 3 and 4L are diagrams in cross-section of the reversers of Figs. 1 and 1A respectively.

Referring first to Fig. l, C represents the controller or regulator and RS the r versing switch, contituting the controlling means for a single-end car. M and M2 represent the motors of a two-motor car. CO represents the cut-out switch for the two motors M and M2. CO2 represents the cutout switch for the two motors of another car, as, for example, the motors M3 and M4 of the car of Fig. 1A, as will be hereinafter explained. R to R5 inclusive represents the resistances, and BOC the blow-out coil. E3, F3, AAS, A3, E4, F", AAt, represent groups of terminal contacts constituting two circuit couplings located at opposite ends of the car. The several contacts of either circuit coupling are adapted to respectively engage corresponding contacts of a similar group at the end of another similar car, as, for example, the car of Fig. lA. Corresponding terminal contacts of the groups at opposite ends of a car are respectively connected together.

The controller does not differ in principle of construction from the ordinary controller but differs in detail with respect to the connections therefrom to the reverser and motors, as hereinafter explained. The. several ruiming and transition positions assumed by the rotatable drum of the controller are indicated by the reference numerals l to 13 inclusive. rPhe fixed brushes of the controller are marked respectively t, r to r inclusive, 7 to l2 inclusive and g. The brush or current supply contact t is connectedwith the trolley T through the blowout coil BOC. The brushes r, to r are respectively connected with the resistances R to The brush g, which connects with ground, is also connected with one pole of the armature of motor M2. The brush 7 is permanently connected with the brush 71". The brushes and 7 are connected in parallel with the member o7 of the cut-out switch CU and the member 0T ot the cut-out switch CO2. The brush ti is connected with the member 08 of the cut-out. switch CO. The brush St connected with the member 0f of the cut-out switch (lO- The brushes l0 and ll are permanently connected together and are connected with the member 01l of the cut-out switch CU2. The brush l2 is connected with the member 012 ot' the cutout switch CO.

The reversing` switch comprises, as usual, two series of fixed brushes, and three series of contacts fr, y, on the rotatable drum. The fixed brushes ot the le't'thand series are lettered T, c, f, ac, c', l2, 8a, c2, j, co2. and the fixed brushes of the right-hand series are lettered 7, f3, ci", ac, fr, 1lb, 9, ft. et, act. `When the reverser is moved to its forward position, which is the one indicated in Fig. l, the contacts fr engage respectively the fixed brushes of the lefthand series, and the intermediate contacts 3/ engage the fixed brushes oft the right-hand series. Then the reverser is moved to the reverse or back position, the contacts g/ engage respectively the fixed brushes of the lett-hand series, and the contacts .e enthe fixed brushes of the right-hand series.

ln addition to the usual contacts carried by the reversiim` drinn, it also carries the two series of coi'itacts 'v and w, which are adapted, when the reversingswitch is at its intermediate or ollil l position, as indicated in Fig. l, to respectively contact with brushes of the two series, The contacts U are respectively connected with the contacts i0, so that when the reverser at its intermediate position, the brushes of the two series are respectively connected with each other in the manner indicated in the drawings, while they are disconnected lrom each other when the reverser is moved to either its forward or reverse positions.

Returning' now to the fixed brushes ot' the reverser HS, the connections from the several brushes of the left-hand series will now be described. The first brush is connected with the member oT of the cutwoutv s\ vitch CQ, which in turn is connected with the fixed brush T ot the controller, as before described. The second and third brushes c and f are respectively connected with opposite poles of the field of motor M. The fourth and fifth brushes da and a arc respectively connected with the opposite poles of the armature of motor M. The sixth brush 12 is connected with the fixed brush l2 of the controller through the member o of the cut-out switch C0. The ueventh brush Si* is connected with the fixed brush S of the controller through the member o olE the cutout switch C0. The eighth and ninth brushes e and f2 are connected respectively with opposite poles of' the field ot motor M2. The tenth brush ma is connected with one pole ot' the armature of motor M1'. the other pole otl which, as bc't'ore stated. connects with the brush g of the controller. l'teferrinje now to theconnectionsfrom the right-hand series of fixed brushes ot' the reversers Rt", the first brush T is connected with the member 0T ol the cut-out switch CO2, which in turn is connected with the fixed brush 7 oit the controller. as before described. 'lhe second and third brushes 7' and c are respectively connected with the terminal contacts F and lil. The fourth and fifth brushes 1m and o" are rtwpectively connected with the terminal contacts ,LV and A?. The sixth brush ll" is connected with the fixed brush ll otl the controller through the member o otthe cutout switch COL. rihe seventh brush 9" connected with the fixed brush i) ot` the controller through the member o ot the cut-out switch C02. The eighth and ninth brushes f* and c arc connected respectively with the terminal contacts F" and E". rlhe tenth brush f/f/ l is connected with the terminal contact I. lilach series ot fixed reverser brushes theret'ore include a set ofl brushes 7, 12l and n, or T", ll) and il, connected to the controller brushes, and a set, comprising the remaining brnshes ol the series, connected with the motor elements or with the terminal contacts. lifhile all of the contacts c and /l` -iii the reversing drum are shown as connected together, the connections between such oi" the contacts /i and fw as connect brushes Tt. l2 and S, or 7b, 1l" and 9", connected with the controller may be omitted.

The construction and arrangement ot t propelling and controllingl means, and t fic lie wiring, are the same in Fie'. l as in Figi'. l.

and the saine reference characters are applied thereto, with the exception that. the motors are marked M and M, the cnt-out switches C0 and CUF, and the reverser RSS2.

in describing the operation otl my inven tion, it will be assumed that the cars of Figs. l and 1^, hereinafter referred to as the first.. and second cars, are coupled together and the motors ot both cars controlled 'from "lie controller ol the first car. Under this assumption. the reverser ot' car No. l will have been. moved to its forward position. just as when car No. l is beine operated singly, and thc controller and reverser ot car No. 2 will have been moved to their off positions. it will also be assumed that the controller of car No. l has been moved to its first position, which is the position at which the resistances are all in circuit and the motors ot each car are connected in series. 'llo enable the course o'l the current to be traced with more facility, the wires througgjli which. in this running position, the current passes to the motors ot the first car are indicated by heavy full lilies, those through which lll) current passes to the motors otl the second car by heavy dotted lines, and those through which no current passes by light full lines.

rlhe current passes from the trolley T, through the blow-out coil BOC to brush through contact plates on the controller drum to brush r, through the resistances R to R2 to brushes and 7. Thence the current divides and passes through the motors ofthe tivo cars in multiple. The course of the current through the motors of the first car Will be first traced. From brushes r" and 7, the current passes through the member 07 of the eut-out switch CO, thence to the brush 7.a of the reverser RS, to brush e', through the field of motor M, to brush f, to brush aa, through the armature of' motor M, to brush c, to contact 12a, to the member 012 of cut-out switch CO', to brush l2 of the controller, through contact-plates of the controller drum to brush l1, to brush 10, through contact-plates of the controller drum to brush S, through the member 0S of the cut-out switch C0 to brush Sa of the reverser RS, to brush e2, through the field of motor NP to brush f2, to brush ce2, through the armature of motor M2 to brush g of the controller, and thence to ground. Tracing nonv the course of the current through the motors of the second car and starting from the brushes r and 7, whence the current divides, as before described: the current passes through the member 07 of the cut-out switch C02, thence to brush 7b of the reverser RS of the first car, to brush c2' of reverser RS, to the terminal contact E2, to brush c3 of the reverser KS2 of the second car, to brush e of reverser KS2, through the field of motor Mi", to brush oit reverser RS2, to brush f3 of' reverser KS2, to terminal Contact F3, to brush f3 or reverser RS, to brush ac3 of rereverser RS, to terminal contact AA3, to brush ac3 of reverser KS2, to brush aa oi reverser R 2, through the armature of motor M3, to brush a of reverser KS2, to brush c3 of reverser KS2, to terminal contact A, to brush t3 of reverser RS', to brush 1l" of reverser RS, through the member o of cut-out switch C02 to brush l1 of the controller, through contact plates of the controller drum to brush 9 of the controller, through the member 09 of cut-out sivitch CO2 to brush 9" of reverser RS', to brush eIl of reverser RS, to terminal contact E4, to brush c" of reverser KS2, to brush e2 of reverser RS2, through the field of motor M4 to brush of reverser KS2, to brush f4 of reverser KS2, to terminal contact F", to brush f* of reverser RS, to brush aat of reverser RS', to terminal contact Arlt, to brush ce* of reverser KS2, to brush cm2 of reverser RS2, through the armature of motor M4, to brush g/ of the controller of the second car, and thence to ground.

It is unnecessary to trace the course of the current through the motors of the two cars in the several running positions of the controller. It is sufficient to say that in the next four running positions the course of the current is the same except that the resistances are more or less cut out; that in transition positions 6, 7 and 8, motors M2 and M* are cut out, and that in the remaining running positions, in which the resistances are more or less cut out, the current passes through the four motors in parallel. Thus the method of regulation corresponds to that of an ordinary four-motor car.

lf the reverser BS is moved to the bach 2 position, the course of the current will be the same, except that it will flow through one of the elements of each motor in a direction opposite to that hereinbefore described.

Hereinbefore it has been assumed that one end (say the front) of the second car has abutted against the rear of the first car. Obviously, if the rear of the second car abuts against the rear of the first car, and the current should iiow through the motors of the second car as before described, the second car would tend to run baclnvardly. This, however, is not the case, as when the rear of the second car abuts against the rear of the first car, the current is reversed throughthe fields of both motors, causing the second car to run forwardly with respect to the first car. The reason for this can be readily understood it Sheet 2 of the drawings be turned up-side-douf'n and abutted against Sheet l, and the adjacent set of terminal contacts be supposed to be abutted against each other. rThe terminal contacts of the first car Will then register With the terminal contacts of the second car as follows: E3, E4, Aert, A3, AA2, F2, F4 Will respectively contact with F2, Ft, Artt, A3, AAS, E2, E4. This Will cause the current to be reversed in the fields of motors M3 and Mt. For example, the current from c2 or" reverser RS passes to terminal contact E of car l, thence to terminal contact F3 ot' car 2, thence successively to brushes f2 and f of reverser RS2, thence through the field of motor M3 in the direction the reverse of that hereinbeforc described, thence successively to brushes c and c3 of' reverser KS2, thence to terminal contact of car 2, thence to terminal contact F2 of car l, and thence to brush f2 of reverser RS. lt will therefore be understood that Whether the front or rear of car l is abutted against the front or rear of car 2, t-he current flowing through the motors of both cars will tend to propel them in the same direction.

ln Fig. 1^ the connections between the Y each cut-out switch is adapted to cut out one motor ot each car instead oit both motors ot one car.

In Fig. is shown the application oit my invention to a double-end car7 which is provided with a controller and reverser at each end. The same reference letters are applied to the parts shown as are applied to the corresponding parts ot Fig. l except that the reversing switches are lettered RS and litt and the controllers or regulators are lettered C and C2. rl`he arrangement of the two series ot' tixed brushes ot each ot' the reversers RS and lit* is the saine as in the reverser RS/ of Fig. l except that in RS and RS the positions ot the brushes c and f and olj brushes c" and are the reverse of those shown in Fig. l and When the reverser is in its intermediate position brush e is connected with f, f with ci, c2 with f*- and f2 n'ith et. The connections from the controller tl through the reversing switch RS and cut-out switch C to the motors M and M2 are, as showin'the same as in Fig. l, although it will be understood that they may be changed to correspond to the connections shown in Fig. 1^. The connections 'trom the. controller C to the brushes 7b, llb and Sl of reverser R33 through the cut-ont switch C02 are also the same as in Fig. l. rllhe connections :trom controller C2 to the brushes 7", ll, and 9b oiE reverser RS are the same as in the connections from controller C to the corresponding brushes .oit reverser RS, The connections from controller C2 to the brushes 7a, 12 and 8a oli reverser are the same as the connections from controller C to the corresponding brushes ol reverser RS. The connections trom the brushes ci, f3, ac3, cf, et, f4, and ce* ot reverser RS4 to the terminal contacts E3, F3, AA, A3, E4, F4 and AAI are the same as the connections from the corresponding brushes ot reverser RS to the correslionding terminal contacts in Fig. l. The brushes c3, f3, ma, (f3, et, f* and not of reverser RS are connected i'esi'uctivelvY to the. brushes c. f ca, (/f, c2, f2 and fm? of reverser RS4. l

c ,suming that two cars, each equipped in accordance with the diagram Fig. 2, are coupled together`r and operated from controller C, which is moved to the first running position, the current passing from brushes 1': and 7 will pass through the motors o't' the first car as hereinbetore described in connection with the description of the operation ot the single-end car. The parallel circuit through the motors of the second car ivill pass to brushes 71 and f3 ot reverser Ridi", thence to and across the reverser RS, thence through terminal contacts and across both reversers ot the second car. thence through the field of the first motor o'tl the second car, thence across both reversers of the second car, thence through terminal contacts and across the reverser lib of the lirst car, thence to brushes c3 and mi ot reverser KS3, thence across reverser RS, thence through terminal contacts and across both rcversers ot the second "ar, thence through the armature ot the l'irst motor ot the second car, thence across both reversers ol the second car7 thence through terminal contacts and across the reverser its# oit the .tirst car, thence to brushes c and lll ot reverser RS, thence to brushes ll, lO and t) ot the controller7 thence to brushes 2) and ft o t reverser KS3, thence across reverser ltt. thence through terminal contacts and across both reversers ot the, second car, thence through the [ield or" the second motor ot the second car, thence across both reversers ot the second car, thence through terminal contacts and across the reverser RS* ot the first car7 thence to brushes c" and mit ot reverser HS, thence across reverser RS4, thence through terminal contacts and across both reversers oit the second car, thence through the armature oit the second motor o'l. the second car= and thence to ground.

From the foregoing description it ivill be understood that both cars may be operated from either end of either car in precisely the manner in which either car is operated singly; and that the liour motors ot the two cars are operated in the same manner as are the Ytour motors of the single Ytour-motor car. lVhen 'the car is operated as a single car. the course of the current through the motors M and M2 vvill be the same as hereinlwtore described ill1 the controller C is (mel-ated; but it the controller C2 is operated, the current Yfrom the controller brushes to each motor vvill first pass to the lett hand series ot lixed brushes ot reverser RS. thence to the right hand series ot' tiXed brushes ot' reverser RS and thence through or across reverser R9 to the lett hand series ot fixed brushes oli reverser R33. t t\vo cars are operated trom the controller C2. the course otl the current to the motors ot the first car will be the same as when the tirst ear is operated singly Ytrom the controller C2, and the course oli they currentl to the motors ot the second car will be the same as hereinbet'ore described except that the current Will ot course tloiv through the controller C2 and will not 'liow to the reverser KS2, the switching oii the current to the individual motor circuits taking place at the right hand series ot liXed brushes ot the reverser RS4.

rlhe preferred embodiments ot mv invention hereinbe'tore described-r While possessing` features ot specific noveltv and attaining specific results ot great 'aine also p ssess features ot broad noveltv that are capable ot embodiment in s vstems o't di'tlerent speci'lic construction and arrangement' that might not be capable o'l effecting all the valuable results ot which the specific llO embodiments herein set forth are capable. For example, it is possible, in either of the embodiments shown, to operate either car from the other; although it will be appreciated that if the trailing car were incapable of operating as the leading car, the capacity of operating the trailing car either as a unit or as a self-propelled trailer would be of great value. Further, it is possible, in either of the embodiments shown, to cause the current from the supply contact T to pass through the motors of both cars in the same manner at any given position of the controller of the forward car and to pass through the motors of the trailing car at all times in parallel with'the motors of the leading car; and while the advantages of such a system are obvious, the invention is of course not limited to an arrangement of circuits whereby that result is secured. Again, the specific embodiments shown possess the advantage of enabling the motors of the rear car to be not only regulated, but also reversed, simultaneously with the motors of the forward car, by manipulating solely the controlling means of the forward car, this capacity being secured by initially moving the reversing switch of the rear car to a given position; and while this advantage is one of great value and importance, it is obvious that an embodiment of my invention that lacked this feature, while retaining the capacity possessed by my invention of enabling the motors of the rear car to be reversed by the coperation of controlling devices on both cars, would possess a limited advantage, as it would enable the rear car to be self-propelled in both directions. Further, it will be understood that while 1 have applied the term circuit coupling to a set or group of terminal contacts connected independently to the contacts of the corre* sponding reversing switch, it is not intended to limit the invention, in its broadest aspect, to the employment of groups of terminal contacts except where the same are specifically claimed; although this feature is one, specifically considered, of the highest importance, being of especial value as a factor in securing the valuable result of enabling the controlling means-c. g. controller or regulator C and reverser RSL-of one car to reverse the current through the motors of the other car without manipulating any of the controlling means on the rear car; this feature also being of great value as a factor in permitting the motor or motors of the second car to be operated in the same manner at any given position of the controller of the firstcar and in permitting a pluralit-y of motors on the second car to be shifted from series to multiple relation with each other by the manipulation of the controller' of the first car.

Having now fully described my invention,

what 'I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is l. ln an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the motor or motors, of a circuit coupling, connections from the controller, connections to the circuit coupling, connections to the motors, and means either to connect the controller connections with both the motor connections and the circuit coupling, or to connect the motor connections with the circuit coupling, thereby permitting both the motors of said car and the motors of another car coupled thereto to be regulated by the controller of the first car, or the motors of the first car to be regulated by the controller of the second car.

2. In an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the motor or motors, of a group of terminal contacts, connections from the controller, connections to the several terminal contacts of the group, connections to the motors, and means either to connect the controller connections with both the motor connections and the terminal contact connections or to connect the motor connections with the terminal contact connections.

3. 1n an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the motor or mot-ors, of a circuit coupling, connections from the controller, connections from the circuit coupling, connections to the mot-or or motors, and a switch adapted to connect both the controller connections and the circuit coupling connections with the motor or motors, said switch including means permittin g current received either from the controller or from the circuit coupling to pass in either direction through the motor or motors.

4. In an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the motor or motors, of a set of terminal contacts, and a switch and conductors adapted to connect both the controller and the terminal contacts with the motor or motors, said switch including means permitting current received either from the controller or from the terminal contacts to be reversed in the motor or motors.

5. 1n an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the. motor or motors. of a circuit coupling, and means either to connect with said controller the motors and circuit coupling in parallel with each other, or to connect the circuit coupling with the motors independently of the controller.

G. In an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the motor or motors, of a set of terminal contacts, independent conductors connected respectively with the several contacts, and means either to connect with said controller the motors I.ductors with the motors independently of and terminal conductors in parallel with each other. or to connect the terminal conthe controller.

7. ln an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the motor or motors. olf a circuit coupling. connections from the controller, connections to the circuit coupling. connections to the motors. and a reversing switch adapted in one position to connect the controller connections with both the motor coiinections and the circuit coupling connections and in another position to connect' the motor connections with the circuit coupling connections.

S. ln an electric railway system. the coinbination witl a controller and the motor or motors. ot. a group oit terminal contacts. connections trom the controller` connections to the several terminal contacts o't` the group, connections to the motors, and a reversing switch adapted in one position to connect the controller connections with both the motor connections and the several terminal contact connections and in another position to connect the motor connections with the several terminal contact connections.

9. ln an electric railway system. the combination with two controllers. one at each end ot the car. and the motor or niotors. ot' a circuit coupling'. connections from both controllers1 connections to the circuit coupling. connections to the motors. and means either t0 connect the connections trom either controller with both the motor connections and the circuit coupling connections. or to connect the motor connections with the circuit coupling com'iections, thereby permittingl the motors to be regulated by either controller or by the current admitted through the contact terminals. i

l0 ln an electric rail vay system. the combination with two controllers. one at each end ot' the 'a1'. and the motor or motors, ot a group ol" terminal contacts. connections from both controllers. connections to the sereral. `terminal contacts. coi'inections to the motors. and means either to connect the connections from either controller with both the motor connections and the several terminal Contact connections. or to connect the motor connections with the several terminal contact connections.

1l. ln an electric railway system.` the coinbination with the controller and the motor or motors. ot terminal contacts. two sets ot brushes electrically connected in parallel with each other by vthe controller7 brushes electrically connected with the motors7 brushes electrically connected with the terminal c )n;act's. and means adapted either to connect one ot the tirst two sets oli brushes with the motor-connected brushes and also to connect the second ot the first two sets ot brushes with the terminal-contact-connect ed brushes. or to connect the motor-connected brushes respectively with the terminalw contact-connected brushes.

l2. ln an electric railway system, the conibination with a controller and the motor or motors. oli connections from the controller.. connections to the motors. a set of terminal contacts. brushes corresponding in number to the terminal contacts and respectively connected thereto. and means either to connect the controller connections with both the motor connections and said brushes. or to connect the motor connections with said brushes, thereby permitting both thc motors of said car and the motors ot' a similar car coupled thereto to be regulated either by said controller. or the motors ot the til-st car to be regulated by current admitted trom the terminal contacts through said brushes.

lil. ln an electric railway systemr` the combination with a controller and the motor or motors. ot a group ot terminal contacts. conncctions from the controller. connections to the several terminal contacts. connections to the motors. brushes connected respectively to thc several terminal contact connections. brushes connected with the controller connections, brushes connected with the motors. and means to interconnect said ln'ushes lo enable the motors to be controlled either t'rom the controller or from current rcceived through the terminal contacts.

ll. ln an electric railway system. the combination with a controller and the motor or motors, of a group of terminal contacts. conncctions trom the controller. connections to the several terminal contacts. connections to the motors; and a reverser comprising brushes connected respectively to the several terminal contact connections. brushes connected with the controller connections brushes connected with the motors. and a movable element adapted in either ot two positions to connect the controller-conncctcd brushes with both the n1otor-connected brushes and the terminal contact brushes. and in a third position to connectl the motorconnected brushes with the terminal contact brushes.

l5. ln an electric railway system. the combination with two controllers. one al each end ot' the car. and the motor or motors. olE terminal contacts. two sets of brushes at each end otl the car electrically connected in parallel Vwith each other by the corresponding controller. brushes at one end of the car electrically connected with the terminal contacts. brushes at the other end ol the car electrically connect-ed with thc motors. two sets ot brushes at opposite ends o't the car cross-connected together. means at one end of the car adapted to connect the terminalcontact-connected brushes either with one ot the corresponding controller-connected sets ot brushes or with the corresponding cross- ,eersel connected brushes, and means at the other end or the car adapted to connect the motorconnected brushes either with one of the corresponding controller-connected sets ot'. brushes or with the correspondingI crossconnected brushes.

16. 1n an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the motor or motors, of a set of terminal contacts, t-wo series of brushes, connections between certain oi one series of brushes and the motors, connections between certa-in of the other series of brushes and the terminal cont-acts, connections between the controller and the remaining brushes of both series, and a movable switch adapted in one position to connect the brushes of the first series to complete the circuit through the motors and to connect the brushes oi the second series to complete the circuit through the terminal contacts, and adapted in another position to connect brushes ot' one series with brushes ot the other series.

17. In an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the motor or motors, of a. set of terminal contacts; a re verser comprising two series of fixed brushes and a movable element carrying two series of contacts adapted to respectively connect brushes of the two series when the rotatable element is in its off position and carrying also three series of contacts two of which are adapted to respectively engage the two series of brushes when the movable element is in its forward or reverse position; connections between the controller and both series of reverser brushes, connections between one series of reverser brushes and the motors, and connections between the other series of reverser brushes and the terminal contacts.

18. In an electric railway system, the combination with a controller and the motor or motors, of two sets of terminal contacts,`

conductors directly connecting` respectively corresponding terminal contacts of the two sets; a reverser comprising two series ot fixed brushes and a movable element carrying twoseries ot' contacts adapted to respectively connect brushes ot the two series when the movable element is in its oit' position, and three series of contacts two of which are adapted to respectively engage the two series of brushes when the movable element is iii its Jforward or reverse position; connections between the controller and both series of reverser brushes, connections between one series of reverser brushes and the motors, and connections between the other series of reverser brushes and the terminal contacts.

19. In an electric railway system, the combination with two controllers and the motor or motors, of two sets of terminal contacts, conductors directly connectingrespectively corresponding terminal contacts of the two sets; and reversers, one for each controller, each comprising two series ot tixed brushes `and a movable element carrying two series of contacts adapted to respectively connect brushes ot the two series when the movable element is in its oii' position and carrying also three series of contacts two ot which are adapted to respectively engage the two series of brushes when the movable element is in its forward or reverse position; connections between each controller and both series ot' brushes ot the corresponding reverser, connections between one series ot' brushes oit one reverser and the motors, connections between one series oit brushes of the other reverser and the terminal contacts, and connections from the second series ot one reverser to the second series ot the other reverser.

20. In an electric railway system, the combination with two controllers and the motor or motors, oi a set of terminal contacts, tw series of brushes at each end ot the car, connections between each controller and certain of each adjacent series ot brushes, connections between the remainder of one series of brushes atI one end of the car and the ree mainder of one series of brushes at the other end of the car, connections between the motors and the remainder ot the second series of brushes at one end ot the car, connections between the terminal contacts and the remainder ott the second series of brushes at the other end of the car, and movable switches, one for each two series oi brushes, adapted in one position to connect brushes of one series with brushes of the other series, and adapted in another position to connect the corresponding controller with the motors or the terminal contacts.

21. In an electric car controlling` system, the combination with two cars, of a motor or motors on each car, a circuit coupling on each car adapted to be connected with the circuit coupling on the other car, a contact on the forward car adapted to be connected with a source of current supply, conductors on the forward car connecting` said supply contact with its circuit coupling, conclue,- tors on the rear car connecting its circuit couplingwith its motor or motors, and manually operated controlling means on both cars interposed in their respective conductors and adapted to cooperate to enable the controlling means on the t'orward car to control the How ot' the current from the supply contact on the forward car to the motor or motors ot' the rear car and reverse the direction of the current therethough.

22. In an eletric car controlling' system, the combination with two cars, ot a motor or motors on each car, a circuit coupling on each car adapted to be connected with the circuit coupling on the other car, a contact on the forward car adapted to be connected with a source of current supply, conductors on the forward car connecting said supply contact; with its circuit coupling, conductors ou thc rear car connecting its circuit coupling with its motor or motors, and manuallj,7 operatetl controllinfci,- means on both cars interposetlL iu their respective conductors and aflaptetl to cooperate to cause the current from saitl supply contactto iiow through ,'aitl circuit couplings antl in either direction through the motor or motorsI of the rear car.

Q3. Vln an electric car-controllingv system, theI combination with two care, oit a motor or motors on each car, a circuitcoupling` on each car atlapted to be connected with the circuit couplingr on the other car, a contact on cach car atlapteil to be connected with a source ot current supply, conductors on tach car conl'iectinc` its supply contact with its circuit coupling and connecting its circuit coupling' with its motor or motors, and manually operi` atccl controlling' means cn both cars interposetl in their respective conductors and atlaptetl to cooperate to enable the controlling means on either car to control the tlow. ainl reverse the (lirection, or' the current trom the corresponding supply contact through the motor or motors o'lz the other car.

2l. ln an electric car-controlling system, the combination with two cars.ot' a motor or motors on each car` a circuit coupling' ou each car atlaptetl to be connectetl with the circuit coupling' on the other car, a contact ontach car aclaptetl to be connectetl with a source ot current supply, conductors on cach car connectingita supply contact with its circuit coupling' anfl connectinY its circuit couplingl with its motor or motors, ancl manually operate/tl controlling meansI on both cars interposed in their respective concluctors an l adapted to cooperate to cause the current from either supply contact to How through saitl circuit couplings and in either direction through the motor or vmotora of the other car.

vIn an electric car controlling,l system, the combination with two cars, ot a motor or motors on each car. a circuit coupling on each car a (laptetl to be conuectetl with the circuit coupling on the other car, a contact on the, liront ear aclaptetl to be connectetl with a source ot supply, conductors between saitl supply contact anrl the motor or motors antl circuit coupling` ot Ythe front car, conductors between the circuit coupling ot the seconcl car antl itS motor or motors, antl controlling' eersel m:; \ans on both cariy aflaptetl to cooperate to enalile the controllingv meane on the iorwartl car to reverse the (ilirection ot the current Atrom the supply contact througli the motor or motors ot the Second car.

2o. vlin an electric car controlling]` systenr the combination with two fars. otV a motor or motors on each car, a circuit colliding on each car adapter! to be conuectetl with the circuit coupling on the other car, a contact on the liront car adapted to be connected with a source ot supply, conductors between said supplxv contact antl the motor or motors an l circuit coupling;A ot the Ytrout car` con- (luctors between thc circuit coupling` ot the secoiul car autl its motor or motors, antl controlling; means on both cars a laptc(l to co operate to connect saitl aupply contact with the niotor or motors ot the second car an l enable the tlow olf current therethrough to be revel-scrl.

ln an electric railway system, the combination.with two cars` ot. a motor or motors on each ca a controller on one car comprisingY a series ol brushes and movable contactsl` a `group ot terminal contacts on each car adapted to be respectively connectefl with the group olE terminal contacts` on the other car, connections 'trom the controller brushes to the motors and to the seyeral terminal contacts on the first car. and connectitms trom the several terminal contacts oiE the second car to the motors ot tl e seconcl car.

2S. ln au electric railway system`r the combination with two cars, ot' a motor or motors on each car, a coiitroller on one car comprising a Series ot brushes :intl movable contacts, a group o't terminal contacts on each ca r atlaptetl to be respectively connected with the group o't terminal contacts` on the other car, connections troni the controller brushes to the motoreI antl to the several terminal contacta on the tirst car. coni'iections from the several terminal contacts ol.I the secoinl car to the motors ot the second car` and a reverser on the tirst car interposed in the electric connections ot' the tirst car antl a laptetl to reverse the tlow ot current simultaneously through the, motors ot both cars.

in testimony oi which invention. l have hereunto set my hainl, at VPhiladelphia, on this 250th (lay o'l5 July, 1909.

lllitnesscs z (lima. T. Mrnns, J. R. Cirs'rna.

llO 

